Draw i t assume you are mapping genes a, b, c, and d in drosophila. you know that these genes are linked on the same chromosome, and you determine the recombination frequencies between each pair of genes to be as follows: a–b, 8%; a–c, 28%; a–d, 25%; b–c, 20%; b–d, 33%. (a) describe how you determined the recombination frequencies for each pair of genes. (b) draw a chromosome map based on your data.

Populations of blue-winged warblers, a type of bird, migrate south in the winter and return to canadian breeding grounds in the spring. as global temperatures have increased due to climate change, spring has started arriving in the warbler's breeding grounds earlier in the year, before the warblers return. warblers now arrive at their breeding grounds too late to select ideal nesting sites and to feed on important early-spring food sources how are populations of blue-winged warblers most likely to be affected by the earlier arrival of spring? o a. populations will go extinct since the warblers will stop migrating to breeding grounds. b. populations will be unaffected since most species can quickly adapt to effects of climate change. c. populations will increase since warmer temperatures are generally beneficial to survival, d. populations will decline since individuals will be less likely to successfully reproduce, reset next

The concept of keystone species is controversial among ecologists because most organisms are highly interdependent. if each of the trophic levels is dependant on all others how can we say one is most important

In the respiration-photosynthesis cycle shown above, what are the products of cellular respiration that belong in box 2?