The tendency to perceive members of an outgroup as more similar to one another, than members of the ingroup is called the a. contrast effect. b. minimal group effect. c. ingroup homogeneity effect. d. outgroup homogeneity effect.

Atraffic cop has pulled over a speeder, only to discover that he has stopped a close friend. the police officer is torn, because his professional obligations demand that he punish the speeder, but his personal obligations suggest that he should give a friend a break. what is this called?