The motif of blood in the play highlights the destructive nature of revenge. because queen elizabeth did not have an heir, audiences in shakespeare's time would likely have been interested in hamlet's focus on succession. gertrude does what claudius tells her to do because she has little power as a woman living in a male-dominated society.

There are three sentences that need to be criticize here:

1.       The motif of blood … nature of revenge.

-          This uses formalism. Literature is considered to be a special kind of language whose features are clear by methodical opposition to the language of science and of communications of words. For this sentence the use of motif of blood is a figure of speech.

2.       Because … succession.

-          This uses historical criticism. This requires that the critic applies a text to precise historical about the period during which an author composed.

3.       Gertrude… society

-          This uses feminist criticism. This let see cultural and economic incapacities in a "patriarchal" society that has delayed women from appreciating their imaginative opportunity and cultural individuality. 

answer: there were new carvings etched into the back of the sculpture and each shoulder was turned into a symbol of the birdman.