the reduced motivation and effort shown by individuals working in a group is called

The reduced motivation and effort shown by individuals working in group is called social loafing. Social loafing is when person who is part of some group not invest enough effort and she is not motivated to achieve a common goal. This type of people are more productive when they work alone.

South central region

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.