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A huge dust storm that caused dry soil to blow, creating a 'black blizzard'

The dust bowl

Explanation: The dust bowl was a phenomonon of sever dust storms that harmed the land, caused illness and many other problems. It had a negative effect on farmers at that time. It started in 1930 and ended in 1936.

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mali had been a state inside of the ghanaian empire. after ghana fell because of invading forces and internal disputes, mali rose to greatness under the leadership of a legendary king named sundiata, the "lion king." the songhai empire, already weakened by internal political struggles, went into decline.

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.