While inventive and ingenious psychological research from the 1930s to the 1970s offered some profound insights into human behavior, psychology became the target of criticism and scrutiny for its questionable ethics related to the treatment of subjects. As a result, the American Psychological Association (APA) developed ethical guidelines. Which one of the following was not identified as an ethical concern?
debriefing
unexpected results
deception
informed consent

Deception

Explanation:

American Psychological Association (APA) published its first Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct in 1953. It presented a layout for psychologists to act morally, ethically and intellectually related to decisions in research, practice and education.

Deception has been categorized as unethical if it has ill intention or malicious and can prove catastrophic for the subject. However, it is performed to dive deep into human psychology. The psychologists are advised not to use deception until there is a case that truly needs it. They are then directed to mitigate its use and pacify as soon as possible due to its unethical nature.

the answer might be either a or c. can't be too sure , because i searched the web, but no valid answers came through.