Joel has been sworn in as a witness in a criminal trial. When asked about the defendant's whereabouts at the time of the crime, Joel deliberately lies to give the defendant an alibi. Joel's action is known as .

Perjury

Explanation: Perjury can be simply defined as the crime that occurs when someone under oath in court swears to tell the truth but intentionally or deliberately lie by give false testimony before the judge. The testimony could be in verbal form or in written form, This crime can cause one to spend time in jail if caught.

So Joel's action is known as Perjury.