If a germ-line cell from a frog contains 10 picograms of dna during g1 of interphase, then how many picograms of dna would be present in each cell during prophase ii of meiosis? (enter the number only, not the units.)

10

Explanation:

The cell cycle is composed of three states: interphase, cell division and resting.

The interphase is composed of 3 phases: G1, S and G2 (in this order). During this state the cell prepares itself  for cell division. As part of the preparation the cell duplicates all its genetic material, that is, all its chromosomes. This duplication is done during the phase S.

During the meiotic cell division (composed of meiosis 1 and meiosis 2) a single diploid mother  cell (with duplicated chromosomes) produces four haploid daughter cells. the meiosis 1 produces two haploid cells with duplicated chromosomes, and the meiosis 2 produces 4 haploid cells with normal chromosomes (no duplicated).

If a germ-line cell from a frog contains 10 picograms of DNA during G1, then this cell will have 20 picograms of DNA before the product of the first meiotic division, and will have 10 picograms at the begining of the meiosis 2 (i.e prophase II)

the form of energy changes and the total energy increases0l

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.