Compare and contrast the major theories and approaches to explaining personality (e. g., psychoanalytic, humanist, cognitive, trait, social cognition, behavioral). Describe and compare research methods (e. g., case studies and surveys) that psychologists use to investigate personality. Identify frequently used assessment strategies (e. g., the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory [MMPI], the Thematic Apperception Test [TAT]), and evaluate relative test quality based on reliability and validity of the instruments. Speculate how cultural context can facilitate or constrain personality development, especially as it relates to self-concept (e. g., collectivistic versus individualistic cultures). Identify key contributors to personality theory (e. g., Alfred Adler, Albert Bandura, Paul Costa and Robert McCrae, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers).