What political tool emphasizes that the U. S. Constitution and acts of Congress, as well as U. S. treaties, must prevail over state constitutions and laws enacted by state legislatures?

Supremacy Clause.

Explanation:

Supremacy Clause is mentioned in the Article fourth, paragraph second and  specifies federal law prevail over state laws. It forbids states from intervening with the  constitutional powers by the central government, and from taking on any functions that are entrusted specifically to the federal government. This states that State laws are bound by the supreme law.

answer; by working independently, the states have a high likelihood of developing innovative solutions that can be employed in other states;

swahili is an extremely rich and complex civilization, a set of ethnic groups articulated by a language and a series of cultural elements that fuse the african traditions, islam and indian culture. this growth was largely a result of the indian ocean trading network that brought in not just man-made riches, but also religious ideas, specifically islam, which had a significant impact on the local culture. furthermore, the development of the swahili language gave a common cultural unity to the people.