Explain the four frames of organizations. how can they project managers understand the organizational context for their projects?

Answer&Explanation:

Structural: This Frame concentrates on how the change occurs , the strategy , defined tasks and establishing goals that can be achieved and putting proper procedures in place.

Human Resources: The Human Resource (HR) Frame concentrates on the needs of people , ensuring that employees are able to do their work effectively and attending to their specific needs such as growth and job satisfaction.

Political: The Political Frame focuses on tackling issues of conflicts between individuals especially when the organization is facing financial crisis and the company is required to make tough decisions. This is where conflict are resolved and supporting strategies are implemented.

Symbolic: The Symbolic Frame focuses helping people finding meaning in what they do by inventing motivational programs or rewarding ceremonies.

How can they help project managers understand the organizational context for their projects?

Symbolic and Human Resources Frames can be used by a project manager to inspire and motivate the employees who may be lacking commitment and motivation.

Structural and Political Frames can be used by a project manager to assign responsibilities clearly so that no conflict arises between team members in a project. It may also to clear an uncertainty and anxiety about what is expected from the given project.

answer:

d. because dr. laguardia selected a widely used measure, his study generalizes to has strong external validity. external validity has limited external validity. other applications of this measure.

the widely used measure that he applied to his experiment was the benton facial recognition test. it employed on to football players and as result, only players who suffered brain concussions did not pas this test. and although it has an external validity, it is limited because it isn't general to apply to other population.

the most likely outcome of fewer loon territories is that hawks would increase in proportion because the benefit of victory would be greater. hawks and loons are natural rivals of resources and victories in the game, since the lakes drying up affected the loons, the hawks would be benefited from the drought.