1. Conduct research about why molecular-level structure is important in the functioning of designed materials. You should research at least two examples. Then communicate this scientific and technical information using written text and graphics. (5 points) A) What is the difference between bonding forces holding compounds together and other attractive forces? What types of chemical bonding and intermolecular forces do the materials have? B) Predict the general properties of your materials based on the types of bonds they have. Properties include melting point, boiling point, and conductivity. C) Analyze your materials' specific physical and chemical properties. Properties include color, density, viscosity, buoyancy, boiling point, freezing point, conductivity, and reactivity. D) Designed materials need to meet certain requirements. When designing new products, why is it important to study the properties of the materials?

Aheat engine running backward is called a refrigerator if its purpose is to extract heat from a cold reservoir. the same engine running backward is called a heat pump if its purpose is to exhaust warm air into the hot reservoir. heat pumps are widely used for home heating. you can think of a heat pump as a refrigerator that is cooling the already cold outdoors and, with its exhaust heat qh, warming the indoors. perhaps this seems a little silly, but consider the following. electricity can be directly used to heat a home by passing an electric current through a heating coil. this is a direct, 100% conversion of work to heat. that is, 19.0 \rm kw of electric power (generated by doing work at the rate 19.0 kj/s at the power plant) produces heat energy inside the home at a rate of 19.0 kj/s. suppose that the neighbor's home has a heat pump with a coefficient of performance of 4.00, a realistic value. note: with a refrigerator, "what you get" is heat removed. but with a heat pump, "what you get" is heat delivered. so the coefficient of performance of a heat pump is k=qh/win. an average price for electricity is about 40 mj per dollar. a furnace or heat pump will run typically 200 hours per month during the winter. what does one month's heating cost in the home with a 16.0 kw electric heater? what does one month's heating cost in the home of a neighbor who uses a heat pump to provide the same amount of heating?