Find the area of the composite shape

Which approach to the theory-and-research cycle does the following sequence reflect: (1) specific observations suggest generalizations, (2) generalizations produce a tentative theory, (3) the theory is tested through the formation of hypotheses, and (4) hypotheses may provide suggestions for additional observations?

Anyone know? will mark brainliest if correct!

The marked price of an article is 25% above its selling price and the cost price is 30% less than its marked price . find the discount percent and gain percent. only a brainlest can solve it i will mark you brainlest