Literacy tests, grandfather clauses, and poll taxes
were enacted by southern states to
(1) limit the movement of african americans
(2) restrict the voting rights of african americans
(3) improve the social status of african americans
(4) expand educational opportunities for african
americans

The correct answer is  (2)

Literacy tests - Quite a big number of blacks and whites were illiterate . White officials however claimed that illiterate whites could understand what was being read to them and thus were justified to vote, whereas illiterate blacks, so the claim went, could not understand what was being read to them and so were barred from voting.

Grandfather clause -  this clause said even though illiterate ad without property, one could still vote if their grandfather voted before 1867. No blacks could vote before 1867 and so the rule worked only for whites.

Poll tax - with a poll tax equivalent to between $25 to $50 in today's money no black could afford it and so they were automatically excluded from voting.

these acts divided the south into five military districts.

president carter called the victims of kidnapping "victims of terrorism and anarchy" and added that the united states was not going to give in to blackmail. in the united states, they see hostage-taking as an outrage on the part of the islamist movement that violated the principle of international law on the immunity and inviolability of diplomats and their embassies.

carter refused to yield to the demands, khomeini used the situation to consolidate his power and nullify the challenges of the moderate wing of his government, headed by its president. the euphoria over the humiliation of the most powerful nation distracted the iranian people from the economic difficulties of their country. carter, in april 1980, broke diplomatic relations with iran and imposed a trade embargo, except medicine and food. iranian funds in the us they were frozen and accounted for to compensate the hostages when they were released and to pay the demands of us companies against iran.