What causes ions to form? a) None of these

b) Atoms/molecules gain or lose a proton

c) Atoms/molecules gain or lose a electron

d) Atoms/molecules gain or lose a neutron

e) Atoms/molecules gain or lose a quark

f) Atoms/molecules gain or lose a nucleus

the electrical  conductivity  of asolution  of an electrolyte is measured by determining the resistance of thesolution  between two flat or cylindrical electrodes separated by a fixed distance.

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.