The main factors that affect an area’s temperature are prevailing winds and mountains.
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The atmospheric temperature Refers to the specific heat degree of the air at a specific place and time. The temperature of the atmosphere is a function of the greater or lesser insolation or solar radiation. This insolation depends on two types of factors:

• Planetary factors: the movement of terrestrial rotation (which originates the day and night, with the thermal differences that this entails) and the movement of translation of the Earth around the Sun, which gives rise to the seasons (epochs of greater or lesser exposure of the solar radiation due to the inclination of the terrestrial axis with respect to the ecliptic or terrestrial orbit).

• Geographic factors. They are those that depend on the specific conditions of the place with respect to the thermal characteristics of the air in that place. They are: the latitude (which explains the greater or lesser solar radiation depending on the inclination of the terrestrial axis throughout the year); the altitude, which gives rise to the thermal differentiation of the atmosphere giving rise to what is known as thermal floors, a fundamental aspect in the study of climate; the greater or lesser distance to the sea that affects the greater or lesser oscillation or thermal amplitude of the air, respectively; the orientation of the relief according to the insolation (slopes or sunny slopes, warmer, and shady, cooler, both considered at an equivalent altitude and latitude) and the marine currents, which provide a very important way of transferring heat from the intertropical zone to the temperate and polar zones, making the climate in these last geo-astronomical zones smoother.

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