Porfirio diaz and santa anna each led mexico after independence as
a. kings
b. presidents
c. oligarchs
d. dictators

The correct answer is D. Porfirio Diaz and Santa Anna each led Mexico after independence as  dictators.

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was a Mexican politician and military man, who became President of Mexico, established as a dictator for life, although he was overthrown years later. He held the presidency of Mexico on 6 occasions.

Porfirio Diaz was a Mexican military officer who served as President of Mexico seven times. In total he held the presidency of Mexico for 30 years, an unprecedented extension. He occupied the presidency for the first time in an interim form after the triumph of the Revolution of Tuxtepec, between November 24, 1876 and December 6, 1876; and for the second time from February 17, 1877 to May 5, 1877. He resumed his duties on an interim basis from May 5, 1877 to November 30, 1880. Later, he held the presidency of the country uninterruptedly between 1884 and 1911.

your answer would be (a)

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts