What is a “horizontal merger”?

A Horizontal merger is a merger between firms that produce and sell the same products, i.e., between competing firms. ... Horizontal mergers can be viewed as horizontal integration of firms in a market or across markets.

A Horizontal merger is a merger between firms that produce and sell the same products, i.e., between competing firms. Horizontal mergers, if significant in size, can reduce competition in a market and are often reviewed by competition authorities. Horizontal mergers can be viewed as horizontal integration of firms in a market or across markets.

the western roman empire flourished, but the eastern portion of the empire struggled.