What is the name of this definition: “It punishes for something that was not illegal when it was done”?

Anthony johnson, an african who arrived in virginia in 1621, a. learned the powhatan language and became a translator for governor thomas dale. b. owned slaves. c. translated the king james version of the holy bible into indian and african dialects. d. was the first slave who purchased his freedom with earnings from growing tobacco.

According to article ii, what power is shared by the president and the senate? court judgement of constitutional issues approving or vetoing legislation raising funds for the executive branch declarations of war

How would high tariffs hurt america? a. fewer immigrants would be able to move to america b. sales of american products to other countries would go down c. americans would sell more goods to other countries d. goods imported from other countries would cost less