The idea that the individual was the ultimate judge of what is good or important was known as:
determinism
individualism
materialism

Determinism i"d say.

Explanation:

Determinism is the philosophical view that all events are determined completely by previously existing causes.

the belief that a winning political party is empowered by the voters to carry out campaign promises is called a mandate. mandate is also an authority given to a constituency to represent someone or a group.

hope this : d