What are some of the challenges associated with creating a truly "fair" procedure for electing a president of the United States? Are any of these obstacles specific to this country?

The problem with the Electoral College is not the faithless electors who vote for whomever they please, which is the focus of Mr. Wegman’s piece. Instead, it is that the plurality winner, except in two states (Maine and Nebraska), wins all a state’s electoral votes in presidential elections. If electoral votes were awarded to candidates in proportion to the popular votes they receive in a state, the victories of the Republican candidates in 2000 and 2016, both of whom lost the national popular vote, probably would have been reversed.

option b, all states follow similar rules and legal process is the right answer.

the 14th amendment in the constitution of america was enacted in july 1868, which include the citizenship, due process, and the equal protection under the law. this amendment was a response to the issues related to former slaves following the american civil war.

the citizenship clause granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the u.s,.   due process of clause asserted that states may not deny any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law and the equal protection clause declared that a state may not deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. the above mentioned excerpt from the constitution of the united states, ensures the citizenship,due process, and equal protection under the law.