Which three of these developments were major effects of European colonization in Africa?

the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.

very positive impact on our industries in the west, sine they promoted settlement and increased the ways in which goods could be transported to market.  

d is the correct answer