Who were the scalawags? they were african americans in the south who became republicans. they were wealthy white southern women who participated in politics. they were white southerners who had been excluded from politics before the war. they were northerners who relocated to the south after the war.

They were white southerners who had been excluded from politics before the war.

i believe the correct answer is option b. most eastern european nations joined nato.

though i could be wrong, option d. the eastern european nations were granted complete independence, would be another choice.

hope this ! : )

mustafa ataturk thought nationalism in turkey would best be achieved by modernizing the country.