Who create the republic of china in 1912 through efforts that began in the late 19th century

The correct answer is:  Sun Yat-sen.

Explanation:

Politic, statistic, and ideologist Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) was the Republic of China's first president. He is called "The Father of the Nation" since he was one of the masterminds who forced abdicate the Qing dynasty during the early 20th century. Even if his revolution was successful, his political life one of constant struggle and exile.

an ethnic enclave is a geographic area with high ethnic concentration,

the roman army grew in size and became dominant in the mediterranean region.