How did african americans in the post-civil war era respond to the hostile environment of the south?

After the civil war was over slavery was abolished and the lives of Afro-Americans in the south began to change.

Explanation:

By the thirteenth amendment (1865), slavery was abolished in the US. During the period of slavery the Afro-Americans were denied education, legal marriage and suffered brutalities. Abolition of slavery meant freedom from the long oppression.

Even after the abolition of slavery the lives of Afro-Americans didn’t quite improve. After slavery the states across the south introduced ‘black laws’. This gave rights like legal marriage, property ownership etc but they were also denied several rights. The black code prevented Afro-Americans from serving as juries, testifying against a white man or serving in state militia.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

he believed that strong monarchies would lead to social and political stability.