In recent history, nation-states have been formed when colonies were granted their independence monarchs consolidated their power people migrated to different countries the catholic church consolidated its power

The correct answer is A) Colonies were granted their independence

Explanation:

Throughout the 20th Century, numerous new nation-states were formed. These were mostly colonies of Western powers, which had been fighting for Independence and self-rule.

One of the oldest examples of a nation-state being formed out of Independence from colonial rule is the United States. The United States were a collection of 13 colonies owned by Great Britain.

Some of the recent examples are that of Pakistan and India who were also granted freedom by Great Britain. Another example is that of Saudi Arabia, which became a nation-state after Ottomans lost control over the region.

in november 1781, john hanson became the first president of the united states in congress assembled, under the articles of confederation. many people have argued that john hanson, and not george washington, was the first president of the united states, but this is not quite true.

explanation:

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