Indirect consequence of the crusades was that a) trade routes declined dramatically due to the prolonged fighting and bloodshed. b) europeans cut off all trade with asia and began to trade exclusively with the continent of africa. c) muslim merchants began to focus on overland trade with china on roads that had not been used for hundreds of years. d) trade increased as europeans were exposed to new asian goods and technologies through interactions with the muslim world.

D because trade increased in Europe and Asia

D) Trade increased as Europeans were exposed to new Asian goods and technologies through interactions with the Muslim world.

Explanation:

The Crusades had a series of consequences. But one of the main consequences of the Crusades were the effects on Commerce. Since the crusaders started to travel around Europe and the Middle East, they started to transport men and supplies around the continent. This inevitably made different products from different regions circulate, many products of main cities of the Middle East were carried to the European cities. Food and other goods such as silk, tapestries, stones, perfumes, pearls, ivory gained the European market.

d) all choices are correct

d) the constitution rights of native americans and their right to self-government on reservations