What is the final transformation in this sequence of transformations mapping pre-image vwxyz to final image v’’w’’x’’y’’z ?

What do most climatologists see as a major cause of rising global temperatures? a. earth's closer proximity to the sun due to its gravitational pull b. greenhouse gases produced by burning fossil fuels c. rising ocean levels caused by melting polar ice sheets d. water pollution cause by industrial waste

Which is an effective question for launching history inquiry related to the cold war

What is the waterway that links the atlantic and pacific ocean