How was civilization in the middle ages

The 13th century was the apex of medieval civilization. The classic formulations of Gothic architecture and sculpture were known. Many different kinds of social units proliferated, including guilds, associations, civic councils, and monastic chapters. People in the early Middle Ages were every bit as intelligent as their Roman-era forebears and also just as smart as we are.

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no options provided, here,but the answer to this question is often: a historian cites a japanese newspaper article published a year after the end of world war ii in order to draw conclusions about the effect of the war on the japanese economy.

clearly from the answer, the historian alludes to historical sources,and records to aid in analyzing and drawing conclusion on the effect of the war on the economy of japan.