An arteriovenous fistula is a surgical anastomosis of an artery with a vein, bypassing the capillary bed, to allow the faster flow rates needed for hemodialysis. similarly, an arteriovenous graft serves the same function but utilizes a synthetic tube, not the patient's naive blood vessels, to bridge arterial and venous flow while avoiding tiny capillaries.

how to explain this to a person with no medical background ?

An arteriovenous fistula is a surgical procedure where the doctor will surgically connect and artery to a vein in your arm which will increase the flow of blood needed for your dialysis treatment.  

An arteriovenous graft is a surgical procedure where the doctor will insert a looped plastic tube in your arm that connects an artery to a vein increasing the flow of blood needed for your dialysis treatment.

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