A) Differentiate between Upper Indus Plain and lower Indus Plain. [5] b) Describe the physical features of desserts of Pakistan. [5]

Geography

Geothermic gradient is the rate of increasing temperature with respect to increasing the depth in the earths interior. away from tech tonic plates boundaries, it is about 25-40 c/km (72-87 degrees f/mi) of depth near the surface in most of the world.

Nation of conflicting ethnic groups

Ibelieve it's the pacific islands 

The answer to the first one is barometer.