1) how high is the sun above the horizon (in degrees) at noon on the summer solstice for an observer standing in bracebridge, ontario (i. e. at a latitude of 45 degrees)? (marks: 3) hint: a diagram of the earth in "cross-section", and showing the direction to the sun, is very useful to get these results. you should not be getting an angle greater than 90 degrees!

2) assuming that both mars and the earth have circular orbits how large will mars appear to be (ie what is its angular diameter? ) (a) at opposition, and at (b) at conjunction? assume that the radius of mars 3,390 km and that its orbital radius is 1.524 a. u. (marks: 4)

3) an object is in orbit around the sun, but always more distant from the sun then 1.0 a. u. (e. g. it is a "superior" planet). (a) if the time from one opposition to the next is 1.3 years (ie the synodic period) then what is the (sidereal) period of this object’s orbit? (b) what is the semi-major axis of this object’s orbit? (marks: 3)