On the first day of fall in the northern hemisphere, earth's rotational axis is a. leaning toward the sun b. leaning away from the sun c. neither leaning toward nor away from the sun

On the 1st day of "fall" in the "northern hemisphere", 'Earth's rotational axis is neither leaning toward nor away from the Sun'.

Explanation:

The 1st day of fall in the "northern hemisphere" is apparently the day of Autumn equinox. On this day, the rotational axis of Earth is neither "tilted towards the Sun" nor "away from the Sun". This is because the rotational axis, in the first place, isn't in line with the Sun. Rather, it is "oriented" in such a way that the Earth's equator has the Sun right above it.

The answer would be (c), mass extinctions