Assignment # 2 Case Study
Sameer has recently joined a baking factory as a production manager. He observed that the output of staff involved in production is very low as compared to the performance required by them. On analyzing the reasons, he found out that a lot of time of the workers is wasted in getting the required materials issued from the store. Sameer enquired the store keeper reason as to why the material is not issued in time. The store keeper interestingly replied that he receives the demand of certain items which are not available in store. Every day the workers approach him at the last minute to provide different items. If these are not available in the store then he has to place an order with the purchase officer. As a result, a lot of time of the workers is wasted. Sameer felt that there is no harmony in the working of the production department as a whole. So in order to integrate the various production activities, like finance, inventory and purchase, Sameer ensured, that the store keeper is informed three days in advance about the required material, enough finance is available for purchase and consequently, the store keeper is able to keep the materials ready for the workers every morning in accordance with their requirements. Sameer also realized that the workers were not concerned with the achievement of set production targets. Their salary was same for all ranks without considering their skills and experience.

In context of the above case:

1. What was lacking in different production activities
2. Identify and explain the managerial skill used by Sameer to streamline the working of the production department
3. What corrective measure should be taken by Sameer to control the output of the workers

There is no names to check of

Infrared sensor is most used sensor in wireless technology where remote controlling functions and detection of surrounding objects/ obstacles are involved. this post will discuss about what is infrared sensor, its working principle, how it works, types, applications, advantages and disadvantages. what is infrared sensor

ir sensor is a simple electronic device which emits and detects ir radiation in order to find out certain objects/obstacles in its range. some of its features are heat and motion sensing.

ir sensors use infrared radiation of wavelength between 0.75 to 1000µm which falls between visible and microwave regions of electromagnetic spectrum. ir region is not visible to human eyes. infrared spectrum is categorized into three regions based on its wavelength i.e. near infrared, mid infrared, far infrared.

wavelength regions of infrared spectrum

near ir – 0.75µm to 3 µm
mid ir – 3 µm to 6 µm
far ir – > 6 µm
1 introduction to infrared sensor

fig. 1 – introduction to infrared sensor

working principle of infrared sensor

infrared sensors works on three fundamental physics laws:

planck’s radiation law: any object whose temperature is not equal to absolute zero (0 kelvin) emits radiation.
stephan boltzmann law: the total energy emitted at all wavelengths by a black body is related to the absolute temperature.
wein’s displacement law: objects of different temperature emit spectra that peak at different wavelengths that is inversely proportional to temperature.
key elements of infrared detection system

the key elements of infrared detection system are:

ir transmitter

ir transmitter acts as source for ir radiation. according to plank’s radiation law, every object is a source of ir radiation at temp t above 0 kelvin. in most cases black body radiators, tungsten lamps, silicon carbide, infrared lasers, leds of infrared wavelength are used as sources.

transmission medium

as the name suggests, transmission medium provides passage for the radiation to reach from ir transmitter to ir receiver. vacuum, atmosphere and optical fibers are used as medium.

ir receiver

generally ir receivers are photo diode and photo transistors. they are capable of detecting infrared radiation. hence ir receiver is also called as ir detector. variety of receivers are available based on wavelength, voltage and package.

ir transmitter and receivers are selected with matching parameters. some of deciding specifications of receivers are photosensitivity or responsivity, noise equivalent power and detectivity.