Using the following notes for a cut planned for a 30-foot wide road, determine the volume in cubic yards to be removed between station 33 00 and 32 00 by (a) the average end area method and (b) by the prismoidal method. Cross Section Station L C R 33 00 C3.1 C5.5 C8.6 19.2 0 26.7 32 50 C4.0 C6.5 C9.9 22.2 0 28.6 32 00 C5.5 C7.3 C8.9 21.0 0 29.8 31 00 C6.9 C8.1 C9.9 23.8 0 32.0

Amass of m 1.5 kg of steam is contained in a closed rigid container. initially the pressure and temperature of the steam are: p 1.5 mpa and t 240°c (superheated state), respectively. then the temperature drops to t2= 100°c as the result of heat transfer to the surroundings. determine: a) quality of the steam at the end of the process, b) heat transfer with the surroundings. for: p1.5 mpa and t 240°c: enthalpy of superheated vapour is 2900 kj/kg, specific volume of superheated vapour is 0. 1483 m/kg, while for t 100°c: enthalpy of saturated liquid water is 419kj/kg, specific volume of saturated liquid water is 0.001043m/kg, enthalpy of saturated vapour is 2676 kj/kg, specific volume of saturated vapour is 1.672 m/kg and pressure is 0.1 mpa.

Air is to be cooled in the evaporator section of a refrigerator by passing it over a bank of 0.8-cm-outer-diameter and 0.4-m-long tubes inside which the refrigerant is evaporating at -20°c. air approaches the tube bank in the normal direction at 0°c and 1 atm with a mean velocity of 4 m/s. the tubes are arranged in-line with longitudinal and transverse pitches of sl- st 1.5 cm. there are 30 rows in the flow direction with 15 tubes in each row. determine (a) the refrigeration capacity of this system and (b) pressure drop across the tube bank. evaluate the air properties at an assumed mean temperature of -5°c and 1 atm. is this a good assumption?

Manometers are good examples of measuring instruments, nowadays they are not as common as before. a)-capacitive probe gauges b)-gravitational gauges deformation ) gauges d)-digital gauges