Oranges with a diameter of about 3 inches are to be cooled from room temperature of 25°C to a surface temperature of 3°C using an air-convection environment with h = 45 W/m2-K and T[infinity] = -5°C. Assuming that the oranges have the properties of water at 10°C, calculate the time required for the cooling. What is the center temperature at that instant?

Explain the difference laminar and turbulent flow. explain it with the shear stress and the velocity profiles.

The force on a cutting tool are 2600n vertically downward and 2100 horizontal. determine the resultant force acting on the tool and the angle at which it acts.

Adouble-strand no. 60 roller chain is used to transmit power between a 13-tooth driving sprocket rotating at 300 rev/min and a 52-tooth driven sprocket. a) what is the allowable horsepower of this drive? b) estimate the center-to-center distance if the chain length is 82 pitches. c) estimate the torque and bending force on the driving shaft by the chain if the actual horsepower transmitted is 30 percent less than the corrected (allowable) power.