Crude oil (mu = 40cp, sg = 0.87) is to be pumped from a storage tank to a refinery through a 10in. sch 20 commercial steel pipeline at a flow rate of 2000 gpm. the pipeline is 50mi long and contains 35 90degrees elbows and 10 open gate valves. the pipeline exit is 150 ft higher than the entrance, and the exit pressure is 25 psig. what horsepower is required to drive the pumps in the system if they are 70% efficient?

A3-mm-thick panel of aluminum alloy (k 177 w/m-k, c 875 j/kg-k and ? = 2770 kg/m) is finished on both sides with an epoxy coating that must be cured at or above t,-150°c for at least 5 min. the production line for the curing operation involves two steps: (1) heating in a large oven with air at ts,0-175°c and a convection coefficient of h, 40 w/m2. k, and (2) cooling in a large chamber with air at 25°c and a con- vection coefficient of he 10 w/m2.k. the heating portion of the process is conducted over a time interval te which exceeds the ime required to reach 150°c by 5 min (h = r + 300 s). the coating has an emissivity of ? = 0.8, and the temperatures of the oven and chamber walls are 175 and 25°c, respectively. if the panel is placed in the oven at an initial temperature of 25°c and removed from the chamber at a safe-to-touch tempera ture of 37°c, what is the total elapsed time for the two-step curing operation?