1. In the following code, the value in AL is intended to be a signed byte. Explain how the Overflow flag helps, or does not help you, to determine whether the final value in AL falls within a valid signed range.
mov al,-1
add al,130

2. Trace the following program:
1: main PROC
2: mov eax,5
3: add eax,6
4: sub eax, 6
5: mov ebx, eax
What is the value in eax and in ebx?

3. At which level/s can an assembly language program manipulate input/output?
4. How do you reserve space for the stack in a program?
5. How is a source file different from a listing file?

What are the different parts of computer

Light travels at a speed of 186,000 miles a second. the distance light travels in a year is 5,865,690,000,000 miles/year 5,865,695,000,000 miles/year 58,656,950,000,000 miles/year 6,789,000,0000 miles/year

When making changes to optimize part of a processor, it is often the case that speeding up one type of instruction comes at the cost of slowing down something else. for example, if we put in a complicated fast floating-point unit, that takes space, and something might have to be moved farther away from the middle to accommodate it, adding an extra cycle in delay to reach that unit. the basic amdahl's law equation does not take into account this trade-off. a. if the new fast floating-point unit speeds up floating-point operations by, on average, 2ă—, and floating-point operations take 20% of the original program's execution time, what is the overall speedup (ignoring the penalty to any other instructions)? b. now assume that speeding up the floating-point unit slowed down data cache accesses, resulting in a 1.5ă— slowdown (or 2/3 speedup). data cache accesses consume 10% of the execution time. what is the overall speedup now? c. after implementing the new floating-point operations, what percentage of execution time is spent on floating-point operations? what percentage is spent on data cache accesses?