The equilibrium constant for the reaction AgBr(s) Ag +(aq) + Br – (aq) is the solubility product constant, K sp = 7.7 × 10 –13 at 25°C. Calculate ΔG for the reaction when [Ag +] = 1.0 × 10 –2 M and [Br –] = 1.0 × 10 –3 M. Is the reaction spontaneous or nonspontaneous at these concentrations?

acid rain does not usually kill trees directly. instead, it is more likely to weaken the trees by damaging their leaves, limiting the nutrients available to them, or poisoning them with toxic substances slowly released from the soil. the main atmospheric pollutants that affect trees are nitrates and sulphates.