What is the hydrogen ion concentration of a substance with a pH of 4.5?

The hydrogen ion concentration of the substance is 3.16*10⁻⁵ M

Explanation:

pH is a parameter used to measure the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance. The pH is calculated as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the concentration of hydronium ions [H₃O⁺] or hydrogen ions [H⁺].

pH= - log [H₃O⁺]= - log [H⁺]

Values on the pH scale range from 0 to 14, where pH equal to 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic and above 7 is basic.

In this case, pH= 4.5

So:

4.5= - log [H⁺]

Solving:

[ H⁺]= 10⁻⁴ ⁵

[H⁺]= 3.16*10⁻⁵ M

The hydrogen ion concentration of the substance is 3.16*10⁻⁵ M

a electronegativity decreases beacuse the size of nucleus is bigger.