Determine the number of σ bonds and π bonds in each of the molecules. H 2 C = CCl 2 number of σ bonds: 1 number of π bonds: 1 HOOC − COOH number of σ bonds: 1 number of π bonds: 0 FHC = C = CHF number of σ bonds: number of π bonds: This molecule consists of a four membered carbon ring with two double bonds, one between carbons 1 and 2 and the other between carbons 3 and 4. A hydrogen is attached to each of the four carbons. number of σ bonds: number of π bonds:

Achemist wants to extract copper metal from copper chloride solution. the chemist places 0.50 grams of aluminum foil in a solution containing 0.75 grams of copper (ii) chloride. a single replacement reaction takes place. (ii) chloride. a single replacement reaction takes place. which statement explains the maximum amount of copper that the chemist can extract using this reaction? a) approximately 0.36 grams, because copper (ii) chloride acts as a limiting reactant b) approximately 1.8 grams, because copper (ii) chloride acts as a limiting reactant c) approximately 0.36 grams, because aluminum acts as a limiting reactant d) approximately 1.8 grams, because aluminum acts as a limiting reactant

Acalorimeter is to be calibrated: 51.203 g of water at 55.2 degree c is added to a calorimeter containing 49.783 g of water at 23.5c. after stirring and waiting for the system to equilibrate, the final temperature reached is 37.6 degree c. specific heat capacity of water (s = 4.18 j/g∙degree c). calculate the calorimeter constant. (smδt)warm water = -[(smδt)cold water + (calorimeterδtcold water)]

Who determined the nature of chemical bonds?