Today, ammonia is synthesized through a series of reactions (called the Haber-Bosch process) that take place between methane, air (which is four parts N2, one part O2), and potassium carbonate: 7 CH4(g) + 8 N2(g) +2 O2(g) + 17 H2O(g) + 7 K2CO3(s) ⇀↽ 16 NH3(g) + 14 KHCO3(s) What is the equilibrium expression for the Harber-Bosch process? 1. [NH3] [CH4] 7 [N2] 8 [O2] 2 2. [NH3] 16 [KHCO3] 14 [CH4] 7 [N2] 8 [O2] 2 [H2O]17 [K2CO3] 7 3. [NH3] 16 [CH4] 7 [N2] 8 [O2] 2 [H2O]17 4. [NH3] 16 [KHCO3] 14 [CH4] 7 [N2] 8 [O2] 2 [K2CO3] 7 5. [NH3] 16 [CH4] 7 [N2] 8 [O2] 2

7. using your knowledge of colligative properties explain whether sodium chloride or calcium chloride would be a more effective substance to melt the ice on a slick sidewalk. use 3 – 4 sentences in your explanation. 8. when a 2.5 mol of sugar (c12h22o11) are added to a certain amount of water the boiling point is raised by 1 celsius degree. if 2.5 mol of aluminum nitrate is added to the same amount of water, by how much will the boiling point be changed? show all calculations leading to your answer or use 3 – 4 sentences to explain your answer. 9. if 5.40 kcal of heat is added to 1.00 kg of water at 100⁰c, how much steam at 100⁰c is produced? show all calculations leading to an answer. 10. the freezing of water at 0⁰c can be represented as follows: h2o (l) ↔ h2o(s) the density of liquid water is 1.00 g/cm3. the density of ice is 0.92 g/cm3. in 3 – 4 sentences explain why applying pressure causes ice to melt.

Which of these features are formed when hot groundwater is forced out through cracks in the earth's surface?

What is one real world example of a colligative property?