Which of the following correctly describes the orbital hybridization of xef4 and nh3, respectively? a. sp3d2, sp3b. sp3, sp3c. sp3, sp2d. sp3d2, sp2

A

Explanation:

Hybridization is simply a phenomena which involves the mixing of orbitals to form new ones. It is simply a way of forming a whole new set of orbitals from old ones.

In XeF4, the type of hybridization that we have is the sp3d2 hybridization. This simply means we have one s orbital, mixing with 3 p orbitals and 2 d orbitals. These orbitals mix together to form the new hybrid orbital. It must be noted that the hybridization takes place in the central atom xenon Xe. The valence shell of xenon contains 2 electrons in the 5s orbital and 6 electrons in the 5p orbitals. In the state of excitement, 2 of the electrons in the outermost 5p orbitals get excited and promoted to the 5d orbitals. This causes a total of four unpaired electrons in which the four chlorine atom can attach with.

In ammonia, there are three hydrogen atoms which seek to join forces with a single nitrogen atom. It must be known that there are 8 electrons around the central atom nitrogen. There are a set of lone pair which are non bonding while the other three are in connection with the 3 hydrogen atoms. Instead of the molecule having 1s and 3p orbitals, they show hybridization to give sp3 hybrid orbital

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explanation:

the largest database of organic compounds lists about 10 million substances, which include compounds originating from living organisms and those synthesized by chemists. the number of potential organic compounds has been estimated at 1060—an astronomically high number. the existence of so many organic molecules is a consequence of the ability of carbon atoms to form up to four strong bonds to other carbon atoms, resulting in chains and rings of many different sizes, shapes, and complexities. the simplest organic compounds contain only the elements carbon and hydrogen, and are called hydrocarbons. even though they are composed of only two types of atoms, there is a wide variety of hydrocarbons because they may consist of varying lengths of chains, branched chains, and rings of carbon atoms, or combinations of these structures. in addition, hydrocarbons may differ in the types of carbon-carbon bonds present in their molecules. many hydrocarbons are found in plants, animals, and their fossils; other hydrocarbons have been prepared in the laboratory. we use hydrocarbons every day, mainly as fuels, such as natural gas, acetylene, propane, butane, and the principal components of gasoline, diesel fuel, and heating oil. the familiar plastics polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene are also hydrocarbons. we can distinguish several types of hydrocarbons by differences in the bonding between carbon atoms. this leads to differences in geometries and in the hybridization of the carbon orbitals.