The previous part could be done without using the decay equation, because the ratio of original 14c to present 14c was an integer power of 1/2. most problems are not so simple. to solve more general carbon-dating problems, you must first find the value of the decay constant for 14c, so that you can easily use the decay equation. using the given half-life, 5730 years, find the value of the decay constant for 14c.

0.000121 year⁻¹

Explanation:

The half life is defined as the time at which the reactant's concentration reduced to half.

The formula for the half life for a first order kinetic reaction is:

Where,  

is the half life

k is the rate constant.

Thus, Given that:

Half life = 5730 years

Where, k is rate constant

So,  

The rate constant or decay constant, k = 0.000121 year⁻¹

increased stability in the completion of fluorine's outer shell.

i think it's c. if you look search electronic symbol on google and then click on wiki it shows you a