According to a report from the united states environmental protection agency, burning one gallon of gasoline typically emits about 8.9 kg of co2. a fuel company wants to test a new type of gasoline designed to have lower co2 emissions. here are their hypotheses:
h0: μ = 8.9 kg
ha: μ < 8.9 kg
(where μ is the mean amount of co2 emitted by burning one gallon of this new gasoline).

which of the following would be a type ii error in this setting?

a. the mean amount of co2 emitted by the new fuel is actually 8.9 kg but they conclude it is lower than 8.9 kg.
b. the mean amount of co2 emitted by the new fuel is actually lower than 8.9 kg but they fail to conclude it is lower than 8.9 kg.
c. the mean amount of co2 emitted by the new fuel is actually 8.9 kg and they fail to conclude it is lower than 8.9 kg.
d. the mean amount of co2 emitted by the new fuel is actually lower than 8.9 kg and they conclude it is lower than 8.9 kg.

frequency, z, and the collision density, z, in carbon dioxide (co2), r 180 pm at 30 °c and 120 kpa

considering the question as per the attachment

here we can see that the radon nuclide has 222 as the atomic mass number and 86 as the atomic number.

when it undergoes nuclear fission it gives polonium which has atomic mass number as 218 and atomic number will be 84 along with a helium nucleus which has 4 atomic mass number and 2 as its atomic number.

222 = 218 + 4 (atomic mass number)

86 = ? + 2; therefore ? = 86-2 = 84.

the atomic mass number of polonium will be 84.

the seeing the electronic configuration we can say that the element is fluorine.

fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table.

but by only seeing the configuration we cannot say about its reactivity because we don't know if its configuration after excitation or by addition of electrons.

but if not then, it is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. as the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive: almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine.