Gastric juice (ph 1.5) is produced by pumping hcl from blood plasma (ph 7.4) into the stomach. calculate the amount of free energy required to concentrate the h+ in 1 l of gastric juice at 37 degrees c. under cellular conditions, how many moles of atp must by hydrolyzed to provide this amount of free energy? the free energy change for atp hydrolysis under cellular conditions is about -58 kj/mol. ignore the effects of the transmembrane electrical potential.

ca has a crystalline lattice with positive ions (since it is a metal, metals are positively charged) and electrons flow freely in its structure since the ca atoms have a large nuclear radius so the electrons are not tightly held, therefore the electrons can flow freely since they are not being highly attracted by the nucleus. moreover, one of the properties of metals are that they are conductors of electricity, thus proving ca is the element.

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