What two things must occur in order for a light ray to refract when it strikes the boundary of a different medium?

Kp is the equilibrium constant for dissociation of the propionic acid dimer. what is the sign of the slope for a plot of the natural logarithm of kp vs. inverse temperature for this reaction?

What does an electron configuration for an atom relate to the atoms placement on the periodic table

What is the typical rotational frequency frot for a molecule like n2 at room temperature (25∘c)? assume that d for this molecule is 1å=10−10m. take the total mass of an n2 molecule to be mn2=4.65×10−26kg. you will need to account for rotations around two axes (not just one) to find the correct frequency. express frot numerically in hertz, to three significant figures.