For each of the scenarios, calculate the surplus and indicate if it is a producer surplus or a consumer surplus. Alice is willing to spend $30 on a pair of jeans, and has a coupon for $10 off which she found online. She selects and purchases a $35 pair of jeans which cost $35 pre-discount. Alice has aproducer surplus. consumer surplus. Alice's surplus: $5Nicole has a hockey puck from the 2010 Winter Olympic Games and puts it up for sale on eBay. She will only sell the puck if the winning bid is greater than or equal to $500 . After bidding closes, the last bid stands at $500 .Nicole has aconsumer surplus. producer surplus. Nicole's surplus: $0Claire is trying to sell her used calculus textbook online. She asks for $150 or best offer, and is willing to sell for anything over $100 . She is able to sell it for $125 .Claire has aconsumer surplus. producer surplus. Claire's surplus: $Roy is willing to pay $2.50 for a sports drink. He puts $5.00 into the vending machine and pushes the button for the sports drink without noticing that the price has increased to $2.75 until he counts the change he gets back. Roy has aproducer surplus. consumer surplus.

If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. there are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. the first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. the second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: . the difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. quantitative problem: barton industries expects next year's annual dividend, d1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. the firm's current common stock price, p0, is $22.00. if it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a 6% flotation cost, f. assume that the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment is 12% and the cost of old common equity is 11.5%. what is the flotation cost adjustment that must be added to its cost of retaine

Your team has identified the risks on the project and determined their risk score. the team is in the midst of determining what strategies to put in place should the risks occur. after some discussion, the team members have determined that the risk of losing their network administrator is a risk they'll just deal with if and when it occurs. although they think it's a possibility and the impact would be significant, they've decided to simply deal with it after the fact. which of the following is true regarding this question? a. this is a positive response strategy.b. this is a negative response strategy.c. this is a response strategy for either positive or negative risk known as contingency planning.d. this is a response strategy for either positive or negative risks known as passive acceptance.

Bonds often pay a coupon twice a year. for the valuation of bonds that make semiannual payments, the number of periods doubles, whereas the amount of cash flow decreases by half. using the values of cash flows and number of periods, the valuation model is adjusted accordingly. assume that a $1,000,000 par value, semiannual coupon us treasury note with three years to maturity has a coupon rate of 3%. the yield to maturity (ytm) of the bond is 7.70%. using this information and ignoring the other costs involved, calculate the value of the treasury note: