The balance in retained earnings at December 31, 2020 was $1,440,000 and at December 31, 2021 was $1,164,000. Net income for 2021 was $1,000,000. A stock dividend was declared and distributed which increased common stock $500,000 and paid-in capital $220,000. A cash dividend was declared and paid. The stock dividend should be reported on the statement of cash flows (indirect method) as:

a. an outflow from investing activities of $720,000.
b. an outflow from financing activities of $720,000.
c. an outflow from financing activities of $500,000.
d. Stock dividends are not shown on a statement of cash flows.

Rate of return douglas keel, a financial analyst for orange industries, wishes to estimate the rate of return for two similar-risk investments, x and y. douglas's research indicates that the immediate past returns will serve as reasonable estimates of future returns. a year earlier, investment x had a market value of $27 comma 000; and investment y had a market value of $46 comma 000. during the year, investment x generated cash flow of $2 comma 025 and investment y generated cash flow of $ 6 comma 770. the current market values of investments x and y are $28 comma 582 and $46 comma 000, respectively. a. calculate the expected rate of return on investments x and y using the most recent year's data. b. assuming that the two investments are equally risky, which one should douglas recommend? why?