In Example 13.8, we used the unemployment claims data from Papke (1994) to estimate the effect of enterprise zones on unemployment claims. Papke also uses a model that allows each city to have its own time trend. log(uclmst) = ai + cit + β1ezit + uit ,
where ai and ci are both unobserved effects. This allows for more heterogeneity across cities.
(i) Show that, when the previous equation is first differenced, we obtain
△log(uclmsit) = ci + β1△ezit + △uit, t = 2,..., T.
Notice that the differenced equation contains a fixed effect, ci.
(ii) Estimate the differenced equation by fixed effects. What is the estimate of β1? Is it very different from the estimate obtained in Example 13.8? Is the effect of enterprise zones still statistically significant?
(iii) Add a full set of year dummies to the estimation in part (ii). What happens to the estimate of β1?

Regarding competitive strategies, advertising is used in which strategy? a. global operations b. focused differentiation c. differentiation d. low-cost leadership

Xyz corporation has provided the following data concerning manufacturing overhead for july: actual manufacturing overhead incurred $ 69,000 manufacturing overhead applied to work in process $ 79,000 the company's cost of goods sold was $243,000 prior to closing out its manufacturing overhead account. the company closes out its manufacturing overhead account to cost of goods sold. which of the following statements is true? multiple choice manufacturing overhead was overapplied by $10,000; cost of goods sold after closing out the manufacturing overhead account is $253,000 manufacturing overhead was underapplied by $10,000; cost of goods sold after closing out the manufacturing overhead account is $233,000 manufacturing overhead was underapplied by $10,000; cost of goods sold after closing out the manufacturing overhead account is $253,000 manufacturing overhead was overapplied by $10,000; cost of goods sold after closing out the manufacturing overhead account is $233,000

Adding a complementary product to what is currently being produced is a demand management strategy used when: a. capacity exceeds demand for a product that has stable demand.b. price increases have failed to bring about demand management.c. demand exceeds capacity.d. demand exceeds 100 percent.e. the existing product has seasonal or cyclical demand.